One Hundred and Ninetieth Day:
Tuesday, 30th July, 1946 [Page 99]
SIR DAVID MAXWELL FYFE: I will do it. It will save time. I will welcome
this. I will be glad to do as your Lordship suggests. It suits my
purpose much better.
DR. SFRVATIUS: Mr. President, the introduction of new evidence, unknon
to me, is, I think, inadmissible; I have no opportunity to comment on
these documents, since my own documentary evidence is completed. All my
material, affidavits and documents have been submitted, and my witnesses
have been examined. I do not know how I can reply to these new
documents.
THE PRESIDENT: I am sure Sir David will let the counsel for the defence
have the documents as soon as possible, and if it is impossible for the
counsel to re-examine them when he comes to them, he can reply on the
document later.
[Page 100]
THE PRESIDENT You gave a number to that other document, did you, the
other one you put in? Was there not another new document you put in,
1507-PS?
SIR DAVID MAXELL FYFE: Exhibit GB 535, my Lord.
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, very well.
SIR DAVID MAXWELL FYFE: My Lord, this document consists of four reports
from Ortsgruppenleiter and the comments made upon them by the
Kreisleiter. My Lord, I shall quote to the Tribunal only the first
sentence of the first two reports, which will show what they are.
The first is the Ortsgruppe Darmstadt-Schlossgarten, 20th February,
1939, "Point 9, Ecclesiastical questions." I quote:
The second one refers to a statement by an ecclesiastic. That is from
the Ortsgruppe Pfungstadt, 17th February, 1939.
My Lord, the comments of the Kreisleiter, which are on the third page --
I will just read 1 and 2.
2. I shall request Ortsgruppenleiter Frick, who reports from
Pfungstadt, to go to the Kreisleiter tomorrow and shall get him to
name his witnesses. This will be notified to you and to the Gestapo
(to the latter with a report of the case). The priest Strack is
sufficiently well known and ripe for the concentration camp or the
Special Court. His reported statement before fellow Germans
constitutes an infringement of the law against malice. In any case,
the fellow must disappear from the territory of the Kreis or Gau."
Now, my Lord, I have two documents on slave labour which are also new.
My Lord, the first is 315-PS, which will become Exhibit GB 537. My Lord,
that is the minutes of a conference on the treatment of foreign labour,
on the 12th March, 1943.
My Lord, the object of this document is to show that it was a deliberate
and general change of policy and if your Lordship will look at the
middle of the second paragraph, your Lordship will find the sentence:
"the hitherto prevailing treatment of the Eastern workers has led
not only to a diminished production but has most disadvantageously
influenced the political orientation of the people in the conquered
Eastern territories and has resulted in the well-known difficulties
of our troops. In order to facilitate [Page 101]
My Lord, you see, that is from a decree of the defendant Bormann. It
comes from the Party Chancellery and it says:
I request in the attached copy that the necessity for a firm but
just treatment of the foreign workers be made clear to members of
the party and the people." My Lord, on Page 2, number one, third paragraph begins:
My Lord, as your Lordship sees the two documents together, the
connection shows that there is a definite change.
Now, my Lord, the third document is D-884, which will become Exhibit GB
539 and, my Lord, that is dated 28th March, 1944. It is a Party order,
issued in the Gau Baden-Alsace from Strassburg on 28th March, 1944, and
you will see it is headed "Gaustabsamtleiter " and is "Secret," and that
it deals with sexual intercourse between foreign workers and Germans.
And, my Lord, it explains the course that is to be taken with the
foreign worker and in the case of a child resulting from the intercourse
and, your Lordship, on the top of the second page of the document, it
says:
Should the foreign female worker have been induced to sexual
intercourse by the German man (for instance by taking advantage of
a condition of dependency) she will be taken temporarily into
protective custody and then sent to another place of work. In other
cases, the foreign female worker will be sent to a concentration
camp only after delivery of the child and the period of nursing.
The treatment of the German man concerned is also the subject of
special directives. If he has seriously violated his supervisory or
disciplinary duties, female foreign workers will be taken away from
him and no more sent to him in the future. Further measures,
depending on the circumstances of the case, will be taken by the
State Police."
And then paragraph 2 deals with the child and first of all your Lordship
will see at the end of the first paragraph that the heading is:
In paragraph 5 it says:
[Page 102]
My Lord, I am very grateful to your Lordship for that. It saves a
considerable amount of time.
DR. SERVATIUS: Mr. President, I must raise a question with regard to the
evidence. Document 205, which has just been submitted, was a new
document; the witness was not questioned on it at all. I assumed that
the evidence was completed and that no new documents could be introduced
by the prosecution. I request therefore that this document be stricken
out. It should have been brought before the Commission, and shown to the
witness, then I would have had an opportunity of producing further
evidence.
This is a fundamental question which will arise repeatedly. The document
was not submitted to the witness, its authenticity was therefore not
tested.
THE PRESIDENT: It was not submitted to the witness because of the order
that the Tribunal has just made. In order to save time, the Tribunal
suggested to Sir David Maxwell Fyfe that he should put the document in
in that way. I said - I understood you to assent to it - that the
document should be shown to you and that you should have an appropriate
opportunity to comment upon it.
DR. SERVATIUS: I know the document, but I would like to clarify whether
the evidence of the prosecution is closed or whether new documents can
still be introduced into the proceedings.
THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal considers that the prosecution can certainly
call evidence and use documents if they wish to rebut the evidence which
has been called on behalf of the organization.
DR. SERVATIUS: Without showing them to the witness?
THE PRESIDENT: The only reason for not showing it to the witness was
that the document was not a document which the witness made, and in view
of that it appeared to the Tribunal to be a matter of comment upon the
document, and as you have got an opportunity to put the document to the
witness yourself or to comment upon the document, you have every
opportunity to deal with it.
DR. SERVATIUS: Then I would also be permitted, if necessary, to submit a
counter-document?
THE PRESIDENT: Yes, certainly. You can ask this witness anything you
like about the document.
[Page 103]
THE PRESIDENT: I did not quite understand what you said then about an
argument.
DR. SERVATIUS: The witness was asked about things which were unknown to
him. Examples were put to him of events in individual Gaue, of which he
knows nothing. He only had to draw conclusions as to what interpretation
was to be given to the documents.
THE PRESIDENT: On general principles, you can ask him anything in re-
examination which properly arises out of his cross-examination. If he
was cross-examined upon a document, or if the document was put in now,
in the way it has been, you can ask him any question upon the document
or upon his cross-examination upon the document.
DR. SERVATIUS: Yes; I have a few questions.
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(Part 9 of 11)
"As the caretaker of the communal building of the St. Martin's
community, Blockleiter and party member Keil informs me that
meetings of the Confessional Front are again taking place at the
St. Martin's Institute, Muellerstrasse (Ortsgruppe Gutenberg), the
public being excluded."
And then he makes his objection to the fact that the Bible class is
being carried on behind closed doors and he mentions the Gestapo.
"Whoever leaves the Church has different taxes imposed on him,' so
our much discussed confessional Pastor Strack said once again on
the occasion of a mothers' evening. This gentleman should really be
rapped on the knuckles seriously for once."
And then the third one sends a poem of the Confessional Front and a
fourth deals with the continued existence of an Evangelical youth club.
"1. The report of Ortsgruppenleiter Wimmer, St. Martin's parish.
The SD, Gestapo and the competent Ortsgruppenleiter will be
instructed by me.
My Lord, I do not think I need trouble the Tribunal with any more. That
is the essential point.
"In this instance the hitherto prevailing treatment ." - now that
is the point I want to emphasize -
military operations the morale has to be improved by a better
treatment of the Eastern workers in the Reich."
Now, my Lord, the importance of that is shown when you get that coming
into the Party channels, which is shown in the next document, Document
205-PS. My Lord, that will become Exhibit GB 538.
"The Reich Propaganda Ministry and the RSHA have together issued a
memorandum concerning the treatment of foreign labourers employed
within the Reich.
And the distribution is to Reichsleiter, Gauleiter, Kreisleiter and
Ortsgruppenleiter.
"Everyone, even the primitive man, has a sensitive perception of
justice. Consequently, every unjust treatment has a very bad
effect. Injustices, insults, trickery, maltreatment, etc., must be
discontinued. Punishment by beating is forbidden. The workers of
foreign nationality are to be correspondingly informed concerning
the severe measures for insubordinate and seditious elements."
My Lord, the importance the prosecution attaches to this is the word "
discontinue " in that directive.
"The following principles exist with regard to sexual intercourse
between German men and female foreign workers:
It applies to the Polish race, people from the Government General,
Lithuania, former Soviet territory and Serbia.
"Regarding the treatment of pregnant foreign workers and children
given birth to by them in the Reich."
The last sentence in the first paragraph says:
"The procedure for an application for abortion is once more
explained below - "
and then there are various health and racial investigations.
"If the investigations show that the progeny will be racially
satisfactory and hereditarily healthy, they will, after birth, go
to homes for foreign children to be looked after by the National
Socialist Welfare Organization " (That is the Party organization)
"or will be looked after by families. In negative cases the
children will be lodged in Foreign Children's Nurseries."
And then the last paragraph:
"I request the Kreisleiter to record immediately through the usual
channels, in conjunction with the Kreisobmann of the German Labour
Front and the Kreis peasant leader, all cases of pregnancy which
have already occurred and all children already born. An
examination, in accordance with the new directives, of all children
of foreign female workers who were taken under the care of the NSV
before the issue of the new instructions is also necessary."
Your Lordship will see the distribution. It is to Gauobmann of the
German Labour Front, that is the representative of the DAF in the Gau,
Gau propaganda chief, and Press chief, and then the Gauamtsleiter, the
person in the office of the Gau dealing with racial policy, national
health, the peasantry, national welfare, questions of race, the Gau
women's leadership and the Gau Labour Office and then Kreisleiter and
the Kreis of the DAF and the Kreis peasant leaders. It goes, also, my
Lord, to the Security Police and SD and theoffice of the Commissioner
for the Reich Commissar for the Consolidation of German Race.