Nazi Conspiracy & Aggression The anti-Jewish campaign became furious in Germany following
the assassination in Paris of the German Legation Councillor
von Rath. Heydrich, Gestapo head, sent a teletype to all
Gestapo and SD offices with directions for handling
"spontaneous" uprising anticipated for the
nights of November 9th and 10, 1938, so as to aid in
destruction of Jewish-owned property and protect only that
of Germans (374-PS; 765-PS). No more cynical document ever
came into evidence. Then there is a report by an SS Brigade
Leader, Dr. Stahlecher, to Himmler, which
recites that:
[Page 138]
"Similarly, native anti-Semitic forces were induced to
start pogroms against Jews during the first hours after
capture, though this inducement proved to be very
difficult. Following out orders, the Security Police
was determined to solve the Jewish question with all
possible means and most decisively. But it was
desirable that the Security Police should not put in an
immediate appearance, at least in the beginning, since
the extraordinarily harsh measures were apt to stir
even German circles. It had to be shown to the world
that the native population itself took the first action
by way of natural reaction against the suppression by
Jews during several decades and against the terror
exercised by the Communists during the preceding
period."
"In view of the extension of the area of operations and
the great number of duties which had to be performed by
the Security Police, it was intended from the very
beginning to obtain the co-operation of the reliable
population for the fight against verminthat is mainly
the Jews and Communists. Beyond our directing of the
first spontaneous actions of self-cleansing, which will
be reported elsewhere, care had to be taken that
reliable people should be put to the cleansing job and
that they were appointed auxiliary members of the
Security Police."
"Kowno *********To our surprise it was not easy at first
to set in motion an extensive pogrom against Jews.
KLIMATIS, the leader of the partisan unit, mentioned
above, who was used for this purpose primarily,
succeeded in starting a pogrom on the basis of advice
given to him by a small advanced detachment acting in
Kowno, and in such a way that no German order or German
instigation was noticed from the outside. During the
first pogrom in the night from 25. to 26.6 the
Lithuanian partisans did away with more than 1,500
Jews, set fire to several synagogues or destroyed them
by other means and burned down a Jewish dwelling
district consisting of about 60 houses. During the
following nights about 2,300 Jews were made harmless in
a similar way. In other parts of Lithuania similar actions followed the example of Kowno, though smaller and extending to the Communists who had been left behind.
"These self-cleansing actions went smoothly because the
Army authorities who had been informed showed understand-
[Page 139]
ing for this procedure. From the beginning it was obvious that only the first days after the occupation would offer the opportunity for carrying out pogroms. After the disarmament of the partisans the self- cleansing actions ceased necessarily.
"It proved much more difficult to set in motion similar cleansing actions in Latvia."
"From the beginning it was to be expected that the Jewish problem in the East could not be solved by pogroms alone. In accordance with the basic orders received, however, the cleansing activities of the Security Police had to aim at a complete annihilation of the Jews *********
"The sum total of the Jews liquidated in Lithuania amounts to 71,105." (L-180).
Of course, it is self-evident that these "uprisings" were
managed by the government and the Nazi Party. If we were in
doubt, we could resort to Streicher's memorandum of April
14, 1939, which says, "The anti-Jewish action-of November,
1938 did not arise spontaneously from the people. *********Part
of the party formation have been charged with the execution
of the anti-Jewish action." (406-PS). Jews as a whole were
fined a billion Reichsmarks. They were excluded from all
businesses, and claims against insurance companies for their
burned properties were confiscated, all by decree of the
defendant Goering (Reichsesetzblatt, 1938, Part I, Pp. 1579-
1582).
Synagogues were the objects of a special vengeance. On
November 10, 1938, the following order was given: "By order
of the Group Commander, all Jewish Synagogues in the area of
Brigade 50 have to be blown up or set afire. *********The
operation will be carried out in civilian clothing. *********
Execution of the order will be reported *********." (1721-PS).
Some 40 teletype messages from various police headquarters
will tell the fury with which all Jews were pursued in
Germany on those awful November nights. The SS troops were
turned loose and the Gestapo supervised. Jewish owned
property was authorized to be destroyed. The Gestapo ordered
twenty to thirty thousand "well-to-do Jews" to be arrested.
Concentration camps were to receive them. Healthy Jews, fit
for labor, were to be taken (051-PS) .
As the German frontiers were expanded by war, so the
campaign against the Jews expanded. The Nazi plan never was
limited to extermination in Germany; always it contemplated
extin-
[Page 140]
guishing the Jew in Europe and often in the world. In the
wet, the Jews were killed and their property taken over. But
the campaign achieved it zenith of savagery in the East. The
Eastern Jew has suffered as no people ever suffered. Their
sufferings were carefully reported to the Nazi authorities
to show faithful adherence to the Nazi design. I shall refer
only to enough of
the evidence of these to show the extent of the Nazi design
for killing Jews.
If I should recite these horrors in words of my own, you
would think me intemperate and unreliable. Fortunately, we
need not take the word of any witness but the Germans
themselves. I invite you now to look at a few of the vast
number of captured German orders and reports that will be
offered in evidence, to see what a Nazi invasion meant. We
will present such evidence as the report of Einsatzgruppe
(Action Group) A of 10/16/1941, which boasts that in
overrunning the Baltic States, "Native Anti-Semitic forces
were induced to start pogroms against the Jews during the
first hours after occupation *********." The report continues:
"From the beginning it was to be expected that the Jewish problem in the East could not be solved by pogroms alone. In accordance with the basic orders received, however, the cleansing activities of the Security Police had to aim at a complete annihilation of the Jews. Special detachments reinforced by selected units in Lithuania -- partisan detachments, in Latvia units of the Latvian auxiliary police -- therefore performed extensive executions both in the towns and in rural areas. The actions of the execution detachments were performed smoothly.
"The sum total of the Jews liquidated in Lithuania amounts to 71,105. During the pogroms in Kowno .800 Jews were eliminated, in the smaller towns about 1,200 Jews.
"In Latvia, up to now a total of 30,000 Jews were executed. 500 were eliminated by pogroms in Riga." (L-180).
This is a captured report from the Commissioner of Sluzk on
October 30, 1941, which describes the scene in more detail.
It says:
"The first lieutenant explained that the police battalion had received the assignment to effect the liquidation of all Jews here in the town of Sluzk, within two days. Then I requested him to postpone the action one day. However, he reacted this with the remark that he had to carry out this action everywhere and in all towns and that only two days
[Page 141]
were allotted for Sluzk. Within these two days, the town of Sluzk had to be cleared of Jews by all means. *** ******All Jews without exception were taken out of the factories and shops and deported in spite of our agreement. It is true that part of the Jews was moved by way of the ghetto where many of them were processed and still segregated by me, but a large part was loaded directly on trucks and liquidated without further delay outside of the town. *** ******For the rest, as regards the execution of the action. I must point out to my deepest regret that the latter bordered already on sadism.
The town itself offered a picture of horror during the action. With
indescribable brutality on the part of both the German police officers and particularly the Lithuanian partisans, the Jewish people, but also among them White Ruthenians, were taken out of their dwellings and herded together. Everywhere in the town shots were to be heard and in different streets the corpses of shot Jews accumulated. The White Ruthenians were in greatest distress to free themselves from the encirclement.
Regardless of the fact that the Jewish people, among whom were also tradesmen, were mistreated in a terribly barbarous way in the face of the White Ruthenian
people, the White Ruthenians themselves were also worked over with rubber clubs and rifle butts. There was no question of an action against the Jews any more. It rather looked like a revolution. *********" (1104-PS).
The
original plaintext version
of this file is available via
ftp.
[
Previous |
Index |
Next ]
Home ·
Site Map ·
What's New? ·
Search
Nizkor
© The Nizkor Project, 1991-2012
This site is intended for educational purposes to teach about the Holocaust and
to combat hatred.
Any statements or excerpts found on this site are for educational purposes only.
As part of these educational purposes, Nizkor may
include on this website materials, such as excerpts from the writings of racists and antisemites. Far from approving these writings, Nizkor condemns them and
provides them so that its readers can learn the nature and extent of hate and antisemitic discourse. Nizkor urges the readers of these pages to condemn racist
and hate speech in all of its forms and manifestations.
Volume
I Chapter V
Justice Jackson's Opening Address for the United States of America
(Part 8 of 17)