Archive/File: people/e/eichmann.adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-011-02
Last-Modified: 1999/05/28

Attorney General: I would request the replay of the portion
at the foot of page 711, beginning with Mr. Less' question
"Koennen Sie mir vielleicht noch eine Sache erklaeren?"
     
     L. Can you explain to me another thing which I
     repeatedly fail to understand: the question that it was
     not desirable to return the foreign Jews and the
     confiscation of Jewish property. What has this to do
     with "technical questions of transport."

     E. Yes, Captain.
     
     L. From this...- don't keep on interrupting me...- I
     beg your pardon.
     
     E. Certainly.
     
     L. From this it transpires, over and over again, that
     your Department dealt with these problems as well.
     
     E. To some extent.
     
     L. Apart from the problems of transport.
     
     E. Yes, Captain, it is true to a certain extent, for
     these were prior considerations in order to enable the
     carrying out of the deportation at all, for I could not
     possibly...that is I could not possibly act in such a
     way that some official or other, of some deportation
     authority or other, would simply go out into the street
     and indiscriminately simply seize and deport every Jew,
     because this is called the "transportation of Jews."
     
     It could not be in this way...this was impossible,
     since here there was a need to...all the
     difficulties...there was a need on the part of IVB4, of
     the competent authorities, as I have already managed to
     say repeatedly...
     
     L. I should like at this point to interrupt you...
     
     E. Yes.
     
     L. Because the recording tape is running out. Tomorrow
     we will continue talking about this. The time is now
     exactly 14.14.
     
     E. All right.
     
The Attorney General: I request page 716, from the beginning
of the page.

     L. Was this a law of the Reich - or let us put it this
     way - was the final solution of the Jewish question
     also a law of the Reich?
     
     E. The final solution of the Jewish question itself - I
     now refer for example to the special task that was
     assigned to Heydrich - to put it for once quite
     blatantly - the killing - was not a law of the Reich -
     it was an order of the Fuehrer, a so-called Fuehrer's
     order, and Himmler, Heydrich and the Chief of the
     Administrative- Economic Head Office divided up amongst
     themselves, as heads of the offices, [the
     implementation of] this order of the Fuehrer. In
     accordance with the legal conception of that time,
     which was commonly accepted, let us say that "the words
     of the Fuehrer had the force of law." This was a well-
     known thing, but not only in this case, but in all the
     cases - with all the central authorities - it was
     obligatory to take account of that in a proper manner.
     The words of the Fuehrer have the force of law - this
     is how it was called, at all times and in every place.
     
     L. Is this, then, the answer to my question?
     
     E. That of yesterday - this was my reply, Captain, yes
     definitely for here the question was - the question
     which was obviously put with justification, Captain,  -
     namely   "Were the Department's duties not merely of a
     transportation character?" That was your question is
     that not so, Captain, ?
     
     L. It did not have a purely transportation character?

     E. Obviously it was not merely of a transportation
     character, but the directives were the conditions for
     implementation in general.
     
     L. Here there was a special misssion. Right? There was
     a special objective which they had to solve - the
     destruction of the Jews, which - as you said - was
     received from above. It was from this that all the
     problems flowed, but...
     
     E. Obviously, Captain, ...
     
     L. ...Nothing direct. You always wanted to describe the
     matter as if you were, here, only a transportation
     officer - and nothing more.
     
     E. Which was generally the case, Captain, "
     
     Both talk at once.
     
     L. Please don't interrupt - as it appears from all the
     documents which have so far been produced, your
     function was a far greater one. You had to become
     actively involved  in these affairs. The question
     whether you acted, in whatever direction on the
     strength of an order, which had been given previously,
     is in my opinion completely irrelevant to this issue.
     It is a fact that side by side with the transportation
     question - the technical transportation question, as
     you termed it - you also dealt with aspects which
     certainly had no connection with technical-
     transportation questions.
     
     E. May I now...

     L. Certainly, do you agree with that?
     
     E. Captain, Department IVB4 never received an  orderto
     kill - never. Department IVB4 had nothing to do with
     it, excepting where it was the actual transportation
     aspect - as you have just said, seeing that...I said
     already yesterday, so it seems to me...that it could
     never have worked - so, for example, an order for
     Paris, the Hague or Brussels - "a thousand persons to
     be put here into one train," for them it would have
     been necessary to issue directives, since the people
     had to - the deporting authority had to know what and
     which category of people. This detail was added and
     conveyed - obviously - and this I have to admit - by
     Department IVB4, in accordance with those instructions
     and orders of IVB4's superiors, which we had in our
     possession.

Attorney General: I would request the next section from page
724, which begins with the words: "Aber fuer alle Fragen"
and ends on page 729, with the words  "Herr Hauptmann, das
ist sicher."

     L. But with regard to all the questions touching upon
     the Jews in the occupied areas or in other areas, they
     fell within the jurisdiction of your representative,
     who...
     
     E. Yes certainly, that was obvious.
     
     L. The question of the Jews?
     
     E. Yes, certainly, obviously, this was...this...this
     actually...Captain, this...
     
     L. And he was the competent authority.

     E. He was the competent authority for this, that is
     true, Captain, except that he would not, obviously,
     take decisions on his own.
     
     L. But he received the decisions from you.
     
     E. Yes, certainly. On this he had appropriate
     instructions and directives from Berlin, and now he had
     to see, to consider how...he could somehow co-ordinate
     these directives with the efforts of the BdS and the
     senior commander of the SS and the police. An order,
     for example, just a simple order from Berlin to the
     official, was for example completely lacking in
     significance, if the BdS or the senior commander of the
     SS and the police objected for any reasons whatsoever.
     
     L. Seeing - as you said - we are talking of an order
     from the Fuehrer...
     
     E. Yes, surely.
     
     L. ...it is difficult for me to imagine that one of the
     men of the BdS in the various districts, would dare to
     do anything which would give rise to difficulties for
     the official in charge in the area.
     
     E. No, here you are correct, Captain, it was in fact as
     you say. Only in France, for example - it was actually
     a prior condition - but also in the other  countries -
     it was necessary, as a prior condition, firstly to
     clarify the legislative aspect in this sovereign area -
     if I may be permitted for once to put it in this way.
     And only then would all the rest become possible.
     
     L. When you say "legislative" area are you referring to
     questions of nationality?
     
     E. All...the...all the questions [which had to be
     settled] with the French Government - which demanded
     sovereignty for itself - this was necessary, as also
     appears, if you please, from those documents, which I
     have already signed.
     
     L. I now show you a photocopy marked by me with the
     numbers 1+2, 9 June 1960, p.726. I now read to you:
     
     "The Head Office for Reich Security IVB46 2768/41G
     (511), Berlin, South West 11 - dated 14 August 1941 -
     Secret. -Urgent letter - To the State Police Post - for
     the attention of the Ass...Assistant"...
     
     E. Assesor...
     
     L. Assessor Dr. Wenker or his substitute, Duesseldorf,
     Prinz Georg Str. 88. Re: Jewish Art Treasures
     Reference...
     
     For special reasons I have to request you to notify me
     by 5 September 1941 whether there are still...and if so
     what are the...objects of art of special value in your
     district under Jewish ownership, namely objects of art
     of the kind that were once in Jewish ownership and
     which perhaps it is possible to acquire through public
     auction or purchase. These works of art must be
     designated not only according to their general
     classification but by means of an exact and detailed
     specification. Included in this are first of all the
     following particulars   Name of the artist, age,
     estimated value, and indication of the person having
     currently possession, a short description of ownership
     so far, addtional features having special significance;
     the intention is to offer these works of art to be
     purchased by an extremely high authority. By order
     (I.A.) Signed Eichmann."
     
     "Authenticated by a clerk in the Chancellery." And
     after that there is noted here a written remark based
     upon a subsequent telephone conversation with
     Sturmbannfuehrer Eichmann at RSHA, in which the time
     limit was extended to 15.9.41.
     
     ...I am unable to read this, what is written here.
     Could you kindly look at the document?
     
     E. Yes, surely.
     
     L. And comment on it?
     
     E. This is a letter which Regierungsrat Suhr, a member
     of my Department, that is to say, this - this must be
     read within the context of the wish, or of...of the
     practice of Goering to equip himself with outstanding
     works of art, pictures and the like, as he had also
     done in the West, and [wrote] here - this is obviously
     again some kind of...some kind of...some kind of a
     letter containing in its fair copy ...from the
     memorandum it was possible to conclude that it was a
     kind of...how it was referred to IVB4 - and directed to
     me...and it could be surely determined that here, at
     the State Police, in the office of the secret State
     Police, Duesseldorf, that such things existed, since it
     was addressed only to an officer of the State Police,
     there must therefore have been given some indication or
     other - there must have been given - something there,
     and in consequence of this it was prepared by Suhr and
     written to this State Police office. In addition, here
     is Suhr's signature.
     
     L. Ah, this is Suhr's signature?
     
     E. Suhr's...yes...this is Suhr....yes.
     
     L. This is not a technical-transportation question?

     E. No, this is not a technical-transportation question,
     Captain, that is certain."

Attorney General: I would now request the portion starting
on page 781 in the middle, starting with the question by
Captain Less: "Sie sagen, sie hatten nichts mit der Toetung
zu tun" up to page 784.

     L. Do you say that you had nothing to do with the
     killing?
     
     E. Yes.
     
     L. But the transports for killing were provided, the
     people to be killed were delivered up...
     
     E. Yes, indeed, it is true to an extent, Captain, that
     I received the order to do this, to deport, but not
     every person whom I deported was put to death. It was
     completely beyond my knowledge who was killed and who
     was not, otherwise 2,400,000 persons, when counted,
     would not have been discovered again.
     
     L. Already, yesterday, I replied to you about this that
     it was not to your credit that Jews were still found
     alive, but it was thanks to the Allies, who achieved
     the victory. Had the war gone on and continued for a
     longer period, then, it would appear, then these two
     million, too, would not have been alive. For your plan
     was extermination - the total extermination of all the
     Jews...
     
     E. Not my plan, for I had nothing to do with this plan,
     Captain, .
     
     L. Oh yes, you were certainly connected with the plan,
     for...
     
     E. Yes, I...I am surely guilty of being an accomplice -
     this is absolutely clear. I have indeed already said so
     once - to this extent I cannot evade my responsibility,
     Captain, and it would have been absurd if I had wanted
     to try and do so, since according...according to the
     legal conception, I am obviously guilty of being an
     accomplice - this I can see for myself. To this I
     agree.
     
     L. We are not talking, here, of a legal conception. We
     are talking of the bare facts.
     
     E. Yes, but I mean, on the basis of those bare facts,
     according to....I am legally guilty of being an
     accomplice, that is obvious...I understand this, but
     therefore I am also endeavouring - I also cannot try -
     in any way - to want to avoid this....to find an excuse
     for this....
     
     L. Alright, but in all your explanations, again and
     again, you hide, you try to retreat and take shelter
     behind   "This was not the sphere of my operation, this
     was not my field, these were the instructions that I
     received, it belonged to the Reich...to the Reich
     Railways Administration" and so on...
     
     E. Yes, I was indeed forced to do so, Captain, for as
     head of Department IVB4 I truly was not authorized for
     everything, but only within the scope of my objectives,
     which was limited and relatively narrow. That
     designated scope of objectives together with its narrow
     limitations can be checked at any time, because this
     was after all a central authority..."

Attorney General: Mr. Less, what does the statement deal
with, before the part beginning on page 855 with your
question "Hier auf Seite 8, im ersten Absatz"?

Witness Less: This discusses the report of the Wannsee
Conference.

Q. Thank you. I would request the playing back of the
extract on page 855 beginning with Mr. Less' question.

     Less:  Here, on page 8 in the first paragraph, Heydrich
     continues:
     
     "It will be necessary to give appropriate treatment to
     the remnants which are likely ultimately to survive.
     Seeing that we are dealing here undoubtedly with the
     most resistent section, a section which must be seen to
     be a natural selection, a germinating cell for Jewish
     reconstruction in case of release."
     
     What is the meaning here of "It will be necessary to
     give appropriate treatment?"
     
     Eichmann  This is...this is some...this matter
     originated with Himmler - natural selection - that
     was...that was...that was a pet saying of his "Natural
     Selection."
     
     L. Yes, but what does it mean here?
     
     E. Put to death, put to death, of course...
     
     L. Here on page 9 in paragraph 1 it says as follows   I
     quote part of the sentence:
     
     "With regard to the treatment for the final solution in
     the occupied European areas and those under our
     influence it is suggested that the appropriate
     officials in charge at the Department in the Foreign
     Ministry consult with the competent officer at the
     Security Police and the SD."
     
     The competent officer at the Department mentioned here
     - does that refer to you?
     
     E. It referred to me, yes, may I just have a look,
     please - "it was suggested" - "it was suggested that
     the appropriate
     officials"...apparently...apparently...this was
     suggested apparently by the representative of the
     Foreign Ministry - or evidently this was done...by the
     Under-Secretary of State, Luther. It was, therefore,
     probably - not probably - this was taken for granted,
     it in fact emerges from this that the appropriate
     officials of the Department of the Foreign Ministry
     should get in touch with the competent officer at the
     Department of the State Police and SD, this had to be
     me, yes, definitely."
     
Attorney General: Mr. Less, was this discussed in the
portion of the statement immediately preceding your question
on page 932 "und Guenther?"

Witness Less: This arose from the question which I put on
page 931, where I asked if the talks and the negotiations
which were conducted between the Accused's representatives
and his deputy and other institutions were held with his
knowledge and consent.

Attorney General: Thank you. I would ask you to let us
listen to the tape from page 932, beginning with Mr. Less'
question "and Guenther"?

     L.  And Guenther?
     
     E.  ....He didn't always inform me... Guenther began
     greatly exaggerating his own self-estimation, when the
     affair in Berlin began working smoothly, and he was in
     turn the opposite of Suhr - Guenther was a man who was
     the opposite of Suhr. Guenther always outwardly
     portrayed the character of a "veteran fighter" -
     Guenther was - his main characteristic was stubbornness
     - whatever he wanted to do, he carried out...like a
     tank, and he...there was always...to my regret...he
     frequently used to decide matters on his own authority,
     although he himself had little...he had the minimal
     experience in his sphere, but I was compelled to accept
     this, as a fact, and even today I am obliged to bear
     responsibility for the matter.
     
     L. Didn't he also try, as indeed was the general
     tendency, to provide cover for himself?
     
     E. Yes, I must say this - I must say here from - from
     the point of view of my matter, of which I spoke
     earlier, that the head of the Department was
     responsible for the persons subordinate to him - I must
     mention something which I have already referred to,
     Captain, . This was cause for great discord between me
     and Guenther, who at some time or other - I don't know
     when - at any rate it was also at the time when I was
     not in Berlin, I think when he got involved in some
     business about gas.
     
     L. You mentioned this, I believe, when you were in
     Hungary.
     
     E. Possibly, when I was in Hungary, evidently that was
     it, yes. Matters of this kind, you know, Guenther did
     not weigh up in a calculated manner, and this is,
     where...where...where he interfered - this [I asked
     myself]...in the same words, why did he interfere in
     matters which were not his concern, for which the
     Department was not at all - was not at all
     competent...for how would I bring this matter now
     before the head of the Ministry - he would surely send
     me to Hell. He would surely have reprimanded me
     seriously...even for lesser contraventions.

Attorney General: I request the playing back of the section
commencing with Less' question on page 976.

     L. Was the deportation of the gypsies to the
     extermination camps also carried out by your
     Department?
     
     E. Yes, indeed...that is, I don't know whether all the
     gypsies...this I do not know...from the west...the
     gypsies from the west...no, to the camps? - to a
     ghetto...not to the camps, no...to a ghetto, to Lodz,
     this was the beginning...before the French war...before
     the outbreak of the Franco-German war, I believe, or
     afterwards, I do not know...from the...from the western
     areas.
     
     L. Weren't the gypsies also brought afterwards to
     Auschwitz, and put to death there by gassing?
     
     E. Captain, I do not know this now, I do not know it...
     
     L. Didn't your Department also have to deal with the
     evacuation of the Poles from the area of the
     Generalgouvernement?
     
     E. Yes, that is to say... It was Krumey's task
     in...where was it, in Lodz he was the director of the
     local office of the Reich Commissioner for the
     Strengthening of German Folkdom. Let me just consider
     how it was conducted, at that time; and so the Poles
     were resettled here...yes, yes...we had to deal with
     this as far as the transports....we had to supply the
     material from the Reich Ministry of Transport, at the
     time when the transports were moving from the
     Reich...that is to say from the Warthegau to the region
     of the Generalgouvernement  itself, no, but this was
     from the Warthegau, it seems to me. There were Poles
     here....according to a special plan between the Reichs
     Commission for the Strengthening of German Folkdom and
     the local State Police or between the central
     authorities of the State Police and the SS and Police
     Leaders respective of - this was yet another reason why
     here - nowhere else were there SS and Police Leaders,
     only - only in the area of the Generalgouvernement  -
     apart from this, the expression did not exist at all.
     And with the SS and Police Leaders and with the
     authorities of the Generalgouvernement for...the area
     of the Generalgouvernement, gypsies...ah...Poles were
     evacuated (wurden ausgesiedelt) from their places of
     residence and Volksdeutsche were settled in their place
     - those who had been brought by the Commissioner for
     the Strengthening of Germanism as this office was
     called - from the Russian areas to this country - but
     we had nothing to do with the evacuation from their
     places of residence and the resettlement, for here only
     Novak was supposed to order the transports from the
     Reich Ministry of Transport.
     

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