Archive/File: imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-08/tgmwc-08-77.06
Last-Modified: 1999/11/27

Q. And Hitler accused Goering, did he not, of misleading him
as to the strength of the air defences of Germany?

A. I do not know that the Fuehrer ever accused the
Reichsmarshal of any offence in this respect. Discussions
between Adolf Hitler and the Reichsmarshal were, in spite of
all tension, always very moderate. The criticism, allegedly,
did not become more vehement until 1944 and the beginning of
1945, but I was not present because I had been off duty
since 20th July, 1944.

Q. I asked you a question. I did not intend to imply that
the Fuehrer accused him of an intentional misstatement, but
that he had misled him or he had misunderstood the strength
of Germany's air defences. Was that not generally understood
in your circle?

A. There could be no question of misleading. The reports
which the Air Force made to the Fuehrer were always correct.
The weaknesses of the Air Force were also reported to the
Fuehrer.

Q. What were the efforts that were made by Goering, which
you refer to as tremendous efforts, to recapture his
influence with the Fuehrer?

A. The Reichsmarshal, whenever there were conferences, asked
through me that he might participate. The Reichsmarshal came
more frequently than usual to the Fuehrer's Headquarters,
and he told me also: "I will try everything to regain the
right contact with the Fuehrer." He said that personally to
me.

Q. And he was particularly careful after the spring of 1944
not to do anything that would offend the Fuehrer?

A. I cannot say anything more about that period because then
I was no longer active. I had no further contact.

Q. Now, this bombing of German cities had become very
troublesome from the point of view of the German people's
criticism of the government, had it not, in 1944?

A. The German people suffered terribly under these bombing
attacks, and I can only say one thing - that Adolf Hitler
suffered most from them. When I was present when the bombing
of a German city was reported, he was really deeply moved,
and likewise the Reichsmarshal, because the horror of such a
bombing was indescribable. I have experienced a few such
bombings in Berlin myself, and whoever has lived through
that will never forget it as long as he lives.

Q. And this was all becoming very embarrassing to Hitler and
to the Reichsmarshal, was it not, to explain to the German
people why this was going on?

A. That did not have to be explained, because the German
people felt it. No explanation was given. It was only said
that all possible measures would be taken to master this
peril.

Q. And you knew at that time, and the Reichsmarshal knew,
that no measures could be taken that would prevent it?

A. No, no, no. I emphasized before that it was a radio-
technical war, and there were moments when, in the defence,
we could counter the measures of the enemy while discovering
a new means to hit him.

Q. When you made the announcement to the German people that
all means would be taken you had then no means at your
disposal, that you knew of, had you, to use to prevent the
bombing of the German cities?

A. Oh, yes, indeed.

Q. What were they, and why were they not used?

A. There were, for example, the following means: The most
important areas were protected by flak. Also, there were
radio-technical means, jamming

                                                  [Page 246]

transmitters, which would have made it possible, and which
partly did make it possible, to jam the radio sets in the
enemy aircraft.

Q. The movement to satisfy the German people under the
bombing attacks was a matter of great concern to the
Reichsmarshal, was it not?

A. The Reichsmarshal was very anxious that the population
should be informed.

Q. And see that the population was satisfied, was he not?

A. It is easy to say "satisfied". He could only assure the
German people that he would do anything in his power to
master these attacks.

Q. Now have you seen the Reichsmarshal and Hitler when the
reports came in of the bombing of Warsaw and Rotterdam and
of Coventry?

A. I cannot remember whether I was present when the reports
came.

Q. You never saw any such reactions on their part on these
bombings, I take it?

A. I only know that Warsaw was a fortress which was held by
the Polish Army in very great strength, provided with
excellent pieces of artillery, that the forts were manned,
and that two or three times Adolf Hitler announced that the
city should be evacuated by civilians. That was refused.
Only the foreign embassies were evacuated, while an officer
with a flag of truce entered. The Polish Army was in the
city defending it stubbornly in a very dense circle of
forts. The outer forts were very strongly manned and, from
the inner town, heavy artillery was firing towards the
outskirts. The fortress of Warsaw was therefore attacked,
also by the Luftwaffe, but only after Hitler's ultimatum had
been rejected.

Q. Was Coventry a fortified city?

A. Coventry was no fortress. Coventry, however, was a city
which housed the key industry of the enemy Air Force, in
which the aircraft engines were built, a city in which, so
far as I know, many factories were situated and many parts
for these aircraft engines were manufactured. In any case,
the Air Force had at that time received orders only to bomb
the industrial targets. If the city also suffered it is
understandable, considering the means of navigation at that
time.

Q. You were interrogated in November of 1945, were you not,
by Colonel Williams?

A. Yes, I was interrogated.

Q. And Colonel Williams asked you about certain fictitious
incidents along the German-Polish border late in August of
1939, did he not?

A. Yes, he asked me about that.

Q. And would you care to tell the Tribunal what you knew
about the fictitious incidents along the Polish border?

A. I do not know anything positive. I was asked by Colonel
Williams whether I knew in advance about the incident of the
Gleiwitz Broadcasting Station. I told him I knew nothing
about it. It was only that the incidents on the Polish
border were very similar to those which happened on the
Czech border. It may have been presumed - that was only my
opinion - that they were perhaps deliberate. But I had no
positive proof that anything had been staged on our part.

Q. Did you tell him on 6th November, 1945, as follows:

  "I heard about it, but I personally at that time had the
  feeling that all these provocations that had taken place
  had originated from our side, from the German side. As I
  said, I had no real proofs of that, but I always had that
  feeling."

Did you say that?

A. Yes, I said that.

Q. And that you had talked with people about this, from whom
you got that feeling. Is that right?

A. I cannot remember that very well now. I only know that
the reports in the Press gave me that suspicion.

                                                  [Page 247]

Q. You were asked, were you not, this question and gave this
answer:-

  "Question: But you are of the opinion that what appeared
  in the Press, and these incidents that were reported,
  were not true, but done merely to cause an incident as an
  excuse for an invasion?"

And did you not make this answer:-

  "I had that feeling. I cannot prove it, but I definitely
  know I had a feeling that the whole thing was being
  engineered by us."

Did you not make that answer to that question?

A. The minutes will show it. If it is in the minutes, I said
it. At the moment I cannot remember the exact words.

Q. You do not deny the fact, however?

A. I had that feeling, but it was a purely subjective
opinion.

Q. But it was your opinion?

A. Yes.

Q. Now then, I ask you whether you were not interrogated
about the Fuehrer's desire to make war on Poland and whether
you did not give this answer:-

  "Gentlemen, this question is very hard to answer, but I
  can state under my oath that the Fuehrer actually wanted
  the war against Poland. I can prove that he actually
  wanted a war of aggression against Poland by the circle
  surrounding the Fuehrer, and the remarks that were made.
  I was present during the night when Hitler gave Henderson
  his conditions, that he wanted Danzig, and I concluded
  from all the conferences that the Fuehrer had with the
  Ambassador - I had the impression that the Fuehrer did
  not really want the Poles to accept those conditions."

And I ask you if you made those answers to Colonel Williams?

A. I can make the following answer to that.

I was not present at the conference. If I said that, I did
not express myself correctly. I was not at the conference
that the Fuehrer had with Henderson, but I was standing in
the ante-chambers with the other adjutants, and in the hall
one could hear the various groups, some saying one thing,
some another. From these talks I gathered that the
conditions which Henderson received for the Poles in the
evening - that the deadline for answering these questions,
which was noon of the next day, was so short that one could
conclude there was some intention behind it.

Q. Well, that is the impression that you received from being
in the ante-room and talking with the people who were about
Hitler that night?

A. There were adjutants, the Reich Press Chief and the
gentlemen who were waiting in the ante-room without taking
part in the conference.

Q. I will ask you, in order to make this very clear, one
more question about your interrogation on that subject. Were
you not asked this question:-

  "Then we can summarize your testimony this morning by
  saying that you knew in 1938, several months before
  Germany attacked Poland, that Hitler fully intended to
  attack Poland and wage an aggressive war against her; is
  that right?"

And did you not make this answer:-

  "I can only say this with certainty, that from the night
  when he told Henderson that he wanted Danzig and the
  Corridor, from that moment I was sure Hitler intended to
  wage an aggressive war."

Were you asked that question and did you make that answer?

A. If it is in the minutes, I said it.

Q. Well, if it were not in the minutes, it would still be
your testimony now, would it not? It is a fact, is it not?

A. My definition precisely is this; that, from the handing
over of Adolf Hitler's demands to Henderson and from the
short time that Henderson was granted, I concluded that
there was a certain intention. That is how I should like to
define it precisely now.

                                                  [Page 248]

Q. I will ask that you be shown Document 79-L, Exhibit USA
27. You have seen that before, witness?

A. A copy of this document was shown to me by Colonel
Williams, and I told him that I myself could not remember
having been present. But if my name is on the minutes, then
I was there.

Q. But your name is on the document, is it not?

A. Then I was there. I cannot remember the subject of this
conference. I told Colonel Williams that that must have been
discussed because Colonel Schmundt, whose handwriting I know
- I was shown a copy - I told him that Colonel Schmundt was
a man who was very conscientious in making his notes.

Q. That is all in his handwriting?

A. That is it as I see it here.

Q. And it is signed by Colonel Schmundt?

A. Yes, it is signed by Colonel Schmundt, Lt.-Colonel
Schmundt. The corrections are not in his handwriting.

Q. But the body of the document is his handwriting?

A. Yes, that is his own handwriting. I know it, yes.

Q. And when you were asked about that by Colonel Williams,
you took time to read it, and then you said, did you not: "I
think that the thoughts are right as they are expressed
here; these are the thoughts that the Fuehrer usually voiced
to us in a small circle." You made that statement?

A , Yes, I did say that, yes.

Q. And you said: "I cannot remember whether these things
were expressed on that day. However, it is possible that the
thoughts which are put down here are the thoughts of Adolf
Hitler." You said that to Colonel Williams, did you not?

A. Yes, I said that to Colonel Williams.

Q. That is all I care to ask about that, sir.

I now ask to have shown to you the original exhibit,
Document 798-PS, Exhibit USA 29.

A. So far as I know, a copy of this speech by the Fuehrer
was also shown to me by Colonel Williams.

Q. That is right. You said, did you not, that you did not
recall whether you were present but that the thoughts that
were expressed -

A. The thoughts expressed there are correct.

Q. They are correct. That is all about that.

A. Yes, but I must say one more thing. I tried to speak to
Colonel Williams again and could not reach him. Probably I
attended this meeting.

Q. Well, we will take that statement now and excuse you from
looking for Colonel Williams.

I ask to have shown to you Document 3474-PS, Exhibit USA
580. Is that your handwriting?

A. Yes, that is my handwriting.

Q. And signed by you.

A. Yes.

Q. And it is a note of a conference of the 2nd day of
December, 1936, is it not?

A. Yes.

Q. You prepared this memorandum for your files; is that
right?

A. I do not know to whom I gave this.

Q. Well, it says the notes for the files on that discussion;
is that correct?

A. Yes, that is a note for the files.

Q. Goering was present at that conference; is that correct?

A. Yes. He must have conducted it. It gives here as present:
General Goering.

Q. In fact, the note says he conducted it, does it not?

A. Yes.

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