Newsgroups: soc.history,soc.culture.jewish Subject: Holocaust Calendar: September 1 Followup-To: soc.history From: Ken McVayOrganization: The Nizkor Project - http://www.nizkor.org [Follow-ups set] September 1 1939 During a conference of the department heads of Security Police and Commanders of Special Units, with Heydrich presiding, the deportation of the "remaining 30,000 Gypsies" from the German territory to Poland becomes policy. (Ruerup, 124) Restrictions on the movement of German Jews are announced, and curfews (9 p.m., 8 p.m. during winter) are established. (Ruerup, 118) Hitler authorized Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt to "grant merciful deaths." This was the beginning of Operation T4, and gas chambers were one of the instuments used for the euthanasia of incurables and the mentally ill. (Vidal-Naquet, 107) 1940 The coke-fired two-retort furnace in the Auschwitz camp crematorium was put into service for the disposal of bodies. (Czech, et al. p. 124) 1941 The social isolation of the Jews within Germany, the marking of them as socially dead beings, was further intensified and symbolized by the government regulation compelling German Jews to wear in public a sizable yellow star of David inscribed in black with the word "Jude." (Goldhagen, 138, Ruerup, 118) Ninth Company, Police Battalion 322 participates in the murder of more than 900 Jews from the Minsk area, while Police Regiment South reports shooting 88 Jews, and Battalion 320 reports shooting 380. (Browning, 16,17; Breitman, 50) 1943 German and Estonian police surround the Vilna ghetto and begin arresting ghetto inhabitants for deportation to forced- labor camps in Estonia. The underground United Partisan Organization (FPO) mobilizes its forces and issues a manifesto urging the ghetto populace to resist. The call is not heeded, and after an abortive clash between the FPO and German units, _Judenrat_ Chairman Jacob Gens reaches an agreement with the Germans to fill the required deportee quota (five thousand Jews), providing German forces leave the ghetto. (See September 14). (USHMM 1993, 43) 1944 In London, A.R. Dew, head of the Southern Department of the British Foreign Office, comments on submissions by the Board of (Jewish) Deputies urging help for Hungarian and Romanian Jews: "In my opinion a disproportionate amount of time of this office is wasted in dealing with these wailing Jews." (USHMM 1994, 58) Work Cited Czech, Danuta, Stanslaw Klodzinski, Aleksander Lasik, Andrezej Strezecki, eds. "Auschwitz 1940 - 1945. Central Issues in the History of the Camp, Volume V. Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum: Oswiecim 2000. Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah. Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996 Breitman, Richard. Official Secrets. New York: Hill & Wang, 1998 Browning, Christopher R. Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York: HarperCollins, 1992 Ruerup, Reinhard, Ed., trans. By Werner T. Angress. Topography of Terror. Berliner Festspiele GmbH, Berlin: 1987
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